Gonadectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the gonads, which are the ovaries in females or the testes in males. This surgery is performed for various medical reasons, including the treatment of cancers such as ovarian, testicular, or prostate cancer, where hormone production from the gonads stimulates tumor growth. It may also be done in cases of severe trauma, infections, or as part of gender-affirming surgery for transgender individuals. In women, the removal of the ovaries is called oophorectomy, and in men, the removal of the testes is called orchiectomy. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and can be done using open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy, depending on the underlying condition and the patient's health. For cancer patients, gonadectomy may be part of a larger treatment plan that includes chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Complications of gonadectomy include infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding organs or tissues. In women, removal of the ovaries can lead to early menopause, causing symptoms such as hot flashes, osteoporosis, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In men, removal of the testes results in a loss of testosterone production, which can lead to decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and loss of muscle mass. Hormone replacement therapy may be recommended for both men and women after the surgery to mitigate some of these effects. Despite these risks, gonadectomy is often necessary for treating serious medical conditions and can significantly improve outcomes for patients.
